Valorization of Waste Apple Pomace for Production of Platform Biochemicals: A Multi-Objective Optimization Study

In line with the prevailing global interest in value extraction from biomass waste streams, current study explored technical feasibility of valorizing apple pomace (WAP) to produce high-value biochemicals 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), lactic acid, and xylitol. Technical was demonstrated via a process simulation that employed experimental data incorporated previously reported approaches literature. Economic environmental performances WAP based biorefinery were assessed using internal rate return (IRR) mass greenhouse gas emission per unit feedstock (GF) as sufficient performance indicators, respectively. The able show IRR increased (better economic performance), GF (poorer performance). This suggested determination optimal condition would require imposition trade-offs. preferred trade-off for enhanced subsequently determined multi-objective optimization, Pareto front containing non-dominated equally solutions developed. present work, therefore, provides an in-depth analysis management strategy. Notably, proposed strategy multiple product generation may be extended other organic biorefineries.